Objectifying Women

Objectifying Women Women in the Media Although we may not realize it, but media is a very powerful source of influence. Influence that can affect people in many ways that may be positive and beneficial for corporations, but not so much for the general public. Media uses a variety of means such as advertisements, movies and music videos to convince its consumers and potential consumers in buying their products, or following their lifestyles. Majority of these means are dominated with portraying different views of women.Whether it is a detergent ad, a sports themed movie or a popular pop song, each and every source of media is focused on objectifying women. While watching your favorite television show, you may not pay attention to the advertisement in between, nor do you pay attention to the fact that most of them have women in it, nor the way that they are portrayed as. Since it is seen as a common thing, our minds are accustomed to this idea. Most women in today’s media are vi ewed as  sex objects, and most advertisements use this as a way to sell a product.Magazines, television, and the Internet display this quite well by constantly portraying pencil thin models with impossibly long legs, perfect complexions, enhanced breasts, and incredibly thick locks (DeYoung & Crane). These women are then illustrated in sexually provocative poses for the purpose of selling something as ordinary as shoes. This may seem to be a harmless way of promoting a product but these  sexually provocative advertisements  have had a grave effect on our society. Media completely changes the way we see women and how we describe beauty.It has started to sell beauty; it creates an unattainable ideal woman, compelling other women to attempt to transform themselves into model look-alikes. A beautiful women does not have to be tall, skinny or should have long hair, but these images have created a category which define beauty, hence we have started to believe that as being the real definition. After all, it’s been scientifically proven that extended exposure to media changes our brains and the way we think, with average media exposure for hildren shown to be around 10 hours per day there is a lot of brain changing going on (DeYoung & Crane). So we can only imagine the affect of all this on little girls, teens as well as older women. Many of which lack self-esteem and empowerment. They are struggling everyday to find ways to look and feel more confident and beautiful. To tackle this, Dove launched a marketing campaign in 2004, called â€Å" the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty†. It included all sorts of media sources such as advertisements, video, workshops, sleepover events and much more.The campaign featured women of diverse shapes and sizes. The central objective behind it was to celebrate differences in physical traits that represented all kinds of women: to inspire them so they can be confident and comfortable with themselves (Arruda, 2011). Fir stly, the idea that Dove has is impeccable, the implementation and its source are not. Unilever owns Dove, which also owns Axe (male grooming products) amongst many other brands. Axe is a well-known brand, especially for its sexual commercials in which they objectify women and perpetuate unrealistic images of beauty.They habitually feature young, longhaired, thin, and large breasted models that are usually throwing themselves at the male-models. If Dove truly believed in liberating women to broaden the conventional definition of beauty, it would end its affiliation with such companies. Even though, that might be difficult as Unilever is a parent company, the least Dove can do is to address criticism it faces. The central point of this campaign is to liberate women and celebrate different types of beauty.On the contrary, this campaign has been criticized to only show women that naturally have a small frame and all images that they show are manipulated. Not just faintly edited to remo ve pimples, but bodies are altered to fit the beauty norm. A ‘heavy’ woman may be included but she has got to be the right kind of heavy, her image will be altered to remove freckles, lumps and bumps (Dye). In other words, â€Å" Campaign for Real Beauty† presents unreal bodies, which people can never attain.Additionally, it has been said that to appear socially responsible and to gain more market share resulting in an increment in profits was the core reason of this campaign. Due to this, Dove brand itself is deceptive, as it is not fully committed to its core proposition of the campaign. We need to understand the power that media has on our societies. Objectification and degrading women has led to many consequences that include fatalities such as anorexia and bulimia. Many young girl and teens are self conscious about their appearance and weight.Some have gone as far as going on a diet from as little as 13 years of age (The causes and the experience of eating d isorders). To terminate this atrocity, the government needs to step in. We know that there are many campaigns against cigarettes and alcohol, if the government is able to spend money on such issues, we are certain they can take part in this. The government must control where/how diet pills and such products are sold. A teenager of 15 years must not be able to walk into Wal-Mart and pick up slimfast, on her way back home from school.An awareness campaign to attack this must begin immediately; it could include seminars to help with self-esteem, spread educational handouts. Media can become an instrument of change and help awaken minds. Videos can be put on the Internet about empowering women, advertisements can show real life stories to inspire young women rather than dishearten. To conclude, we need to understand the great damage that media is causing on our society as a whole. It portrays women not as an equal but as an object to boost profits. This makes an irrational criterion abo ut beauty in our minds, which corrupts the real definition.Women make up half the population on this planet, and if they lack self-esteem and confidence we are not on a suitable path to success. The government must take action as it distresses not just our generation but our future as well. Bibliography Arruda, C. (2011, March 05). Doves Revolution- Rhetorical Analysis #2. Retrieved May 31, 2012, from Rhetoric and Popular Culture: http://rhetoricandpopculture. com/2011/03/05/doves-evolution-rhetorical-analysis-2/ Dye, L. A Critique of Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty. Canadian Journal of Media Studies , 5 (1). DeYoung, S. & Crane, F. G. (n. d. ). Females' attitudes toward the portrayal of women in advertising: a Canadian study. Retrieved June 1, 2012, from Warc: http://www. warc. com/fulltext/ijoa/5225. htm Portrayal of Women in the Popular Media. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 1, 2012, from World Savvy: http://worldsavvy. org/monitor/index. php? option=com_content;view=article;id=6 02;Itemid=1049 The causes and the experience of eating disorders. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 1, 2012, from Feminist Resources for Women and Girls: http://womensstudies. homestead. com/edwords. html

Reasons for a Dysfunctional Family Essay

Reasons for in case of dysfunctional families/child abuse + neglect * Drugs/alcohol * Parents leaving kids to fend for themselves * Less belonging to churches + moral life lessons * Parent separation + divorce * Baby bonus may encourage people to have children for the wrong reasons What are the positive effects of a positive (good) self-esteem? ]Positive outlook Positive thoughts Good self-esteem level Good confidence Self Confidence 1. Self-confidence is the belief or feeling that a person has about themselves, which assists them to achieve in life. The development of self-confidence may be influenced by culture, environment, age, ability, life experiences, gender, parenting expectations. 2. The factors that may contribute to the positive or negative development is a poor outlook, poor body image, dysfunctional family. Your culture, environment, age, ability, life experiences, gender, parenting expectations. 3. The perceptions of femininity and masculinity on an individual’s development of self-confidence is strong gender classifications and stereotypes can make –girls in particular- feel less than boys. In some cultures, even in our own, females are pushed into a lesser mental state, not being able to achieve as much. 4. A) Achieves poor academics – negative B) Struggles to make friends – negative C) Takes on new challenges – positive D) Feels good about their achievements – positive Heredity 1. Heredity is the variation in individual growth and development is partly a result of heredity or genetic factors. Genes contribute to differences between males and females and between individuals of the same gender. They also contribute to the similarities between people. Accepting physical appearance and difference, along with other inherited traits, is an important part of development. Genes directly determine an individual’s hair, skin and eye colour, and certain health conditions. Heredity also has a strong influence on other individual characteristics, including height, weight, and even personality. Body shape is largely controlled by genetic characteristics and, although it may be altered by factors such as diet and exercise, it cannot be dramatically changed. 2. The factors that may impact positively or negatively on an individual’s development through heredity are: Positive – olive skin doesn’t blush, good health, tall, fast metabolism Negative – inherited disorders/illnesses, fair skin burn easily, very short, slow metabolism – prone to weight gain easily, drug/alcohol – negative traits (e.g. foetal alcohol syndrome), physical appearance that draws negative attention from peers, allergies (e.g. beestings, peanuts, grasses etc.) Environment Environment refers to the external (pressures) factors that influence an individual’s development. Environmental influences on individuals change as they move through their life cycle. Example – Baby is influenced by family, a child is influenced by child care/grandparents/carers, kid/teenager is influenced by peers and teachers at school. * Low socio-economic household * Unhappy/unsatisfied parents (angry household, lack of attention, child may be scapegoat, low esteem) * Loving, secure, stable household

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Business - Essay Example The company ranks 46th among the 500 companies listed in the fortune 500 list of global companies in terms of the highest market capitalization (Financial times, â€Å"FT Global 500 2013†). Its operations are spread over 99 cities across 39 major countries all around the world. This suggests the company’s significant global presence. With the onset of globalization, expanding operations in a foreign country has become a primary strategy followed by companies in order to explore foreign country markets and consequently gain competitive advantage. GSK is no exception as they follow the same strategy in order to lay a solid foundation for the company to make business via expanding into foreign markets. Formulation or rather implementation of such strategies, alongside accruing benefits for the company, sometimes raises concerns for the company as well. One such problem that will be described in this particular essay is the ethical issue that has proven to be a cause of con cern for GlaxoSmithKline while operating in the foreign market. Recently the company has been associated with certain ethical lapses while it was operating in China. The company was accused of carrying out unethical practices in order to beat the competition in the market and maximize value for the company. The following sections will involve a thorough analysis of the scenario that prevails in the host country and the ethical issues were faced by the company while it was carrying out its international operations. Following that, three alternative strategies to eliminate such practices will be explained and based upon that a recommendation will be suggested regarding the best strategy to be adopted by the company. Business environment in China China, being an emerging economy, offers a lot of market opportunities for investment to foreign companies. The country offers access to a large market thereby providing considerable savings in labor costs. This highlights the country’s huge potential for economic growth. However, having said that, precautionary measures must be taken as a huge difference in the political and cultural environment prevails in China that might prove to be risky thereby posing uncertainties for foreign investors (Fogel, â€Å"Business environment in china: Economic, political, and cultural factors†). Economic environment China has been known to be the most favorable destination for foreign direct investment in the recent past. The country has shown a very stable economic growth which has lured top companies from all over world into investing in China. 450 out of the Worlds fortune 500 companies invest in China. Foreign direct investment accounts for 4.1% of national tax revenue, 58% of foreign trade and 27% of the value assed production. China has a huge deposit of foreign exchange reserve which helps it conduct trade related to import and export smoothly. The country joined the World trade organization in 2001 which resulted in a rapid growth in the country’s imports and exports thereby witnessing foreign direct investment of $60 billion annually in 2006. The foreign exchange reserve of China exceeded $1 trillion for the first time in the year 2006 and thereafter in 2008 the foreign exchange reserve of China totaled to $1.9 trillion (China Foreign Exchange Reserves, â€Å"US State Administration†). China is mainly engaged in the industrial exports of manufactured goods, garments, electronics and textiles. As far as China’s infrastructure is concerned, it has suffered from

Tourism impacts and sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tourism impacts and sustainability - Essay Example According to the journal Tourism by Tourism Alliance, the impacts of tourism activities are innumerable. The effects of tourism comprises of the social, cultural, political, and economic. The United Kingdom has put prudent strategies to address the possible adverse impacts of tourism. This is in the light that tourism can disrupt environment, culture, and economy in the regions of its occurrence. The principal aim of sustainable tourism is to maximise the positive development and experience of the people where it takes place. To achieve tourism sustainability, this calls for managers and all the stakeholders to cooperate. The result is to streamline the tourism industry for maximum benefit of tourism industry (Tourism Alliance, 2010:3). This paper will endeavour to examine the impact of tourism and its sustainability. The paper will achieve this objective through looking at a number of studies in academic journals. According to ADAS report, tourism contributes to the growth of econom y of the United Kingdom. The department for environment, Food, and Rural Affairs in conjunction with Tourism Company and ADAS did a research on the trends of tourism in the year 2007. The research was seeking to find evidence, trends, and performance in the tourism industry. ... Moreover, the report portrays that the United Kingdom spends many funds on global tourism (Defra, 2007:5). The ADAS research further reveals that the ever-growing air transport has facilitated the growth of tourism. The findings allude that in the United Kingdom is one of the biggest earners from the international tourism. The report shows that in the year 2005, the United Kingdom ranked fifth in the rank of the largest nation with highest incomes from tourism. On the aspect of adverse effects of tourism on environment, the ADAS research does not find any connection to link tourism with ecological degradation. This is an allusion that tourists’ activities do not have any adverse effects on the environment (Defra 2007:8). Haley, Snaith, and Miller’s research presented in their journal asserts that a smooth interaction of tourists and local communities is important for sustainable tourism. This is from their case study at Bath in the United Kingdom in 2004. The main inten tion of the study was determine the perception of the people of Bath towards tourism. Using a sample of people and longitudinal and comparative data collection, the report indicates that people support tourism development in Bath. The findings of this research demonstrate that tourism does not have any adverse effects to the social settings in the United Kingdom. There research highlights that the residents of Bath embrace tourists’ activities and development. According to the research, some of the factors that accounts for the support of Bath for tourists destination include low incomes. The people of Bath encourage tourists’ activities as a source of income. This is because of the benefits they obtain from tourists activities. Much of the findings in this study indicate that

What does the book The American born Chinese reveal about the American Essay

What does the book The American born Chinese reveal about the American religious experience - Essay Example We can see that being an Asian and of Chinese origin, Jin Wang has difficulty is exposing his religious idea and practices in America. He cannot communicate and interact with the Westerners and feel alienated in the community. He is from Chinese background but hesitate to mingle with Asian people. Here, the author is trying to show the world the difference between Asian and American religious perception. From this book it can be understood that American religious experience is less deep and direct than Eastern religious concepts. (Thesis) In America people are more materialistic and they see life as something for pleasure. If we look at the cultural and religious value of Jin Wang, he finds it hard to express it to his peers as he finds it embarrassing. Obviously, the religious beliefs of American people are less prominent than Chinese or Asian people. We can see that most, the American do is visit church and pray. They don’t have beliefs and mythology like Asians or Chinese. The author has made a comic of the story by introducing the Monkey King of Asian mythology to entice the readers. This is the overly and superstitious representation of Asian religious beliefs which is alien to American ideologies. Here, we can see that American religion does not feature gods like Chinese religion and other Asian religion. Asian religion is more based on legends and mythological stories whereas American live on religious laws which are practical. The protagonist of the story is from a conservative Chinese background and cannot assimilate with the American people. But it is to be understood that he find Americans less religious and pious which he cannot accept. The American have their way of life and as Chinese Jin Wang find them having a more direct religious values. We can see that American and Chinese people have their typical culture and religion and Jing Wang liking a girl in school who is Christian feels hesitant to ask her out because of their religious and et hical disparity. Here we can see the struggle and problems a Chinese person undergo being in American land where his religion is looked up on with strange sense. The book reveals the American religious experience is shallow and is they endorse the idea of money, materialistic things and other earthly relationships as representing â€Å"Gods† when they present things before God. For Americans, the religious concepts of Asians have been a thing of dismissal. If they cannot understand the ideologies and scientific reasoning behind them, it does not make our values less important. We can find that many Americans are atheist and this is less common practice in Asia. The book portrays the American religious experience to be passive and not lively like that of Asians. As per ( Koebler,2013) â€Å"Though 20 percent of Americans declared "no religious preference," just 3 percent of respondents said they were "atheists.". The Americans live a life of leisure and God comes only rarely in to picture. The hero of the story cannot resemble with American life and is in a dilemma. In the interaction of Chinese with American communities one can see lot of prejudice and racism. The book reveals the American religious experience can be relevant to Buddhist world. For them there is only one God and Monkey King is absurdity. The social identities of people are different all around world and every culture has its identity and value. We as an immigrant must try to integrate with American postmodern culture. Even the accent of Chinese people differs largely from American people as they have influence of Chinese language in them but it is not less valuable than English. American religious as revealed by the book portrays that Christianity is meaningful and other religion are

Entry Strategies and Exporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Entry Strategies and Exporting - Essay Example Consequently, the firm stands at the threshold of the next step which is taking its operations to the international level, studies both academic and market based have shown that the demand for quality but affordable clothing in parts of Europe and Asia is increasing and this is opportunity that M and W can profitably exploit. Given its expansive scale of production at home it has considerable economics of scale and therefore it can afford to confront new markets with lower prices. In addition the firm has a great deal of experience which is evinced by the many years of production behind it in addition to the obvious market dominance which has been forged through strategic thinking and experience. Notwithstanding, before making the commitment to venture into internationalization, the firm should take to account several factors, more so the advantages and disadvantages of this move. This is important because by making such considerations, it can be aptly placed to develop an open minded and critical strategic plan. Besides, no matter how practical or natural any business move may appear, the manager should first ensure that they are aware of the underling advantages and disadvantages so they can strategize with both in mind. The entry of a company into international business is takes two forms, it can venture indirectly when forced by circumstances or when the directors order that the firm should purchase or sell from foreign sources. On the other hand it could be direct in which case the company deliberately makes a move which in most cases is preceded by reconnaissance into the new market. Whichever the case, before a firm ventures into the import export business, they needs must carefully asses the disadvantages and advantages. The firm in question is interested in the latter model since the decision to export is one that has been done deliberately and indeed the primary objectives of these paper are geared towards establishing the strategic

Heroic Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heroic Drama - Essay Example As pointed out, heroic drama is interconnected with Restoration period in British history. Eugene M. Waith opined that, â€Å"Consequently, when ‘heroic play’ or ‘heroic drama’ are mentioned, we think first of the period 1660-1700† (1). During this period England was undergoing internal problems. So, exaggerated heroes and heroism presented in the heroic drama well suited the context of nationalism. One can see that the main playwrights during this period, like John Dryden supported heroic drama because it helped to spread the message of nationalism among the mass. The Comedy of Manners was another dramatic form during the Restoration period. But this dramatic form did not gain much approval from the mass because it did not suit the problems faced by the nation. The political and social condition of England during Restoration Period was most suitable for the evolution of heroic drama. For instance, Restoration period in England is generally known as t he restoration of monarchy. During this period, England adopted an innovative form of political ideology related to monarchy. Earlier, during the reign of Oliver Cromwell, the context of drama faced a number of problems because most of the theatres in England were forced to close. But during the Restoration period, most of the theaters were reopened and it resulted in the growth and development of sub-genres in drama. For instance, Restoration comedy is another genre in drama which was accepted by the British audience. Still, the scope of heroic drama was evident because the British society was undergoing political and social transformation. So, the Restoration dramatists adopted innovative themes discarded by the dramatists in other ages. , like Elizabethan age. The proponents of heroic drama discarded imagination and adopted exaggeration of historical/political events and heroism. To be specific, exaggeration of heroism is the core element of nationalistic feeling. So, the ultimate aim of the supporters of heroic drama was not to establish the dramatic element of plays, but to establish heroism and to nurture nationalism. Besides, heroic couplet was the metrical form adopted by the heroic drama playwrights. During this age, John Dryden made use of this metr ical form to defend his positive attitude towards heroic drama. In short, the historical evolution of heroic drama proves that the same can be regarded as the end result of the ideas put forth prominent dramatists during Restoration period to exaggerate heroism and to inculcate nationalistic feeling. Definition Heroic drama can be defined as a generic variation with the context of Restoration drama, in which verse/prose form is prominent, deals with optimism and describes the heroic deeds of the protagonist who is search of adventure. The usage of heroic drama in relation to society In the British society, heroic drama acted the role of a medium to transform the society and to establish the influence of monarch over the mass. During the first half of the 17th century, British theatres were not allowed open because political turmoil was curbing the scope of entertainment. Bridget Orr stated that, â€Å"Debates over literature in England from 1660 to 1714 all bear the impression of p atriotism, a sense of national rivalry which extends backwards to Greece and

Leading Group Challenges Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading Group Challenges Paper - Essay Example There have been a significant number of literatures covering the nature, theories and applications of leadership and its effect to job performance and satisfaction. The diverse patterns of behavior and actions that leaders exhibit over a period of time and perceived by followers have been identified as the dominant style of leadership. This style is developed utilizing an interplay of factors which shape leadership development. In this regard, the essay is written to proffer challenges of leading groups in a criminal justice organization. Particularly, a description of the challenges currently faced by criminal justice leaders would be included in the discourse; as well as predictions of the challenges that will be faced over the next 5 years. Leadership is the process of influencing people to work or act towards the attainment of specifically defined goals (Martires & Fule 2000: 569). â€Å"Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal† (Northouse, 2004). Authors Lussier & Achua (2004) define leadership as â€Å"the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through changes†. And Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn (2008, 243) state leadership as â€Å"the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives†. All authors share the same conviction who perceived leadership as a process of influencing others. Further, all authors conform to the following factors as relevant components of the leadership process: (1) influencing people; (2) towards the achievement of a goal. There is the component of influence by exerting the ability to develop and communicate that vision to a group of people who would make that vision come true. According to McKinney (2008, par. 1),

Project Managment for Boeing 787 Dreamliner Essay

Project Managment for Boeing 787 Dreamliner - Essay Example The project life cycle is used to further refine the project before arriving at a general conclusion. Project managers have to make trade-offs among the scope, time and cost considerations in a bid to establish project priorities (Westland 2007, p. 56). The trade-offs are more serious in case of momentous project such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, already experiencing multiple delays and millions of pounds lost in fines. One of the best tools to help project managers at any level is the Project Matrix technique, through which the manager makes trade-offs based on constraining, enhancing or accepting the main project criteria; time, cost and performance (Frame 2003, p. 87). For the case of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner project, each element will be discussed before arriving at an appropriate Project Matrix. The project manager must categorically discuss with the relevant stakeholders for each criterion before deciding on the trade-offs. The first criterion under discussion in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner project is time. Time is a major determinant of project success due to a number of reasons. First, the establishment of SMART Boeing 787 Dreamliner project objectives involves proper considerations on timelines; secondly, the work break-down structure of projects deeply embeds time considerations; lastly, the traditional relationship between time and cost translates to a situation where delaying the project increases the cost of the project. Further delaying the project attracts unbudgeted-for fines which further add to the Boeing 787 Dreamliner project cost. However, the project manager is in a position to control the time considerations through managing procurements, revolutionising the work break-down structure to tighten time use and managing risks. Thus, the time consideration becomes a priority for enhancement. The performance criterion is of absolute

Water for the Sake of Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Water for the Sake of Water - Essay Example As it has been explicated that technological advancements cannot be helpful for producing fresh water, and it is certainly impossible to survive without this essential natural resource, the most crucial conduct, which is the core motive of any campaign for water management, is to spread this realization in the public domain. All of the campaigns to save water on this planet are precisely focused to provide this awareness along with different methods, procedures and conducts by which the significant amount of water which is being wasted in daily life routines can be decreased (ICLEI, 2009). For instance, the California Water Awareness Campaign has a keen focus on providing awareness about the conservation of water, the quality of water, supply and distribution of water to the public of California. It also presents several methods to the public about the reducing the wastage of water. The appropriate use of technologies like automatic shut-off nozzles and automatic water taps with sens ors are being preferred to be utilized for effective water management. This campaign also helps families to understand the problem and address it effectively in a cost-efficient manner (California Water Awareness Campaign, 2013). All of these awareness programs which these campaigns conduct are mainly focused on making people acquire the information and apply it in their daily lives by which the essential resource of water is most likely to be efficiently managed and saved for the future generations.

The Cost of College Essay Example for Free

The Cost of College Essay The cost to attend college is high, and has been rising for many years. The cost of college is too high, a lot of people can’t afford it, and unemployment rates are sky high. Why is the cost of college so much? The best answer would be our economy. Our economy has a great effect on the rising prices of everything, including college tuition. Another factor influencing the price of college is the demand for a higher education, for a well-paying job is more than ever. The problem of the cost of college right now is that many people can’t afford to go to college, and it puts them in debt even though it may be worth it. Works Cited Adams, Caralee J. Mid-Income Students Incur Higher Debt. Education Week 29 August 2012. English, Ed. Cap In Hand: The High Price Of Higher Education: A College Degree Has Become An Indispensable Credential In Today’s Workforce. But With The Cost Of Postsecondary Education Soaring, A Degree Is Also Slipping Out Of Reach For More People. What’s Behind Tuition Inflation, And Can Its Trajectory Be Altered? EconSouth 2011: 6. Luhby, Tami. Is College Worth It? Careers and Colleges November 2000. ? Articles about College Tuition: The cost of college is rising, and has been rising for many years. Even though the prices can be more or less depending on what state the college is in, what degree students plan on getting, and what type of college students go to, the costs are still very high. At a private four-year college the total cost would be over $40,000. At a public four-year college the cost would be more than $20,000. The cost to attend a two-year college would be more than $14,000. Most jobs require employees to have some sort of degree. Even though the prices keep rising, more and more people are going to college to get a better education, so they can get a well-paying job (English). Another issue with the high costs of college is the debt that comes along with it. Sure, some people get scholarships, and others have the money they need, but some people don’t. The people that don’t have enough money or don’t get a scholarship that want or need to go to college have to borrow the money. Borrowing these large amounts of money causes a lot of debt. Graduates can have thousands of dollars in debt. Debt can cause many problems all throughout life. Since most graduates cannot get a well-paying job right out of college, they have problems paying the high amounts of debt off (Adams). Others think that the cost of college should not be a problem because it is worth it. Going to college means that graduates will be able to get a better paying job than they could without a degree. Having a better job will eventually allow graduates to pay off loans and thrive in the real world. People who have a Doctorate or Professional degree earn between $120,000 and $150,000 per year. People who have a Masters or Bachelor’s degree earn between $80,000 and $95,000 per year. People with only a high school education only earn about $45,000, and people with less than a high school education only earn about $30,000. It is important to have a job that will pay enough to live a good life and even support a family. Even though the cost of a college education is ridiculously high, it is completely worth it. Getting a college education and having better job opportunities to get a well-paying job helps people in many ways throughout their lives (Luhby).

Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics is the study of aspects of societies, including cultural norms, the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Language is an important portion of identity and culture within many speech communities; also associated with members self-esteem; within these communities. Sociolinguists have structured a number of ways to categorize the languages within their status and social function domains such as vernacular. The specific concern of this paper is focusing on the significance and function evaluation of the vernacular (dialect, accent) and through the presentation used and by sociolinguistic-studies, it is intended to decide on the argument if the language change is lead by the implications, role models of media or not. Touching upon the concepts of vernaculars, dialects and diglossia is a good place to begin. The term vernacular has various meanings; but mostly refers to a language not standardized and not officially confirmed; which is used by local people. Generally, vernaculars are spread among communities living in a multilingual atmosphere where they have a different mother-language than the official language of their residence. For example; Afro-American English is a vernacular created among the group of people living in places where the standard American English was officially used; but had African languages as their mother-tonque. Standard languages, like the American English or the Received Pronunciation in Britain are classified as highly prestigious languages associated with educated; as compared to the people talking vernacular languages. Different from a vernacular; a dialect is a variety of a particular language characterized by specific regional features such as pronunciation; spoken by a specific group of people. Furthermore, according to Fergusson (1996), diglossia is a special language-situation where, in addition to the primary dialect of the language (categorized as (L)), there is a highly regulated and often more complex variety, which is used in official writings and formal speeches (categorized as (H)); but not exactly followed seen in daily conversations. Diglossic situation exists if it has two distinct codes which show clear functional separation (Wardhaugh, 1998: 87). It has been observed that, in due course the standardized varieties of languages (like Standard American English) started becoming less dominant and local varieties (like African American English) became more prominen. Sociolinguists studied the origins of these changes trying to answer whether it was the social factors or impacts of the popular media that triggered these language changes. Labov suggested certain principles to justify these changes within languages: He first said that linguistic variation is transmitted to children as stylistic differentiation on the formal/informal dimension, rather than as social stratification. Formal speech variants are associated by children with instruction and punishment, informal speech with intimacy and fun. ( Labov 2001: 516) Consequently; linguistic changes from below develop first in spontaneous speech at the most informal level. They are unconsciously associated with nonconformity to sociolinguistic norms, and advanced most by youth who resist conformity to adult institutional practices ( Labov 2001:516). In connection with these principles stated by Labov (2001), the positive attitude of youth generation on the growing prestige and spreading of the non-standard languages is quite acceptable. Aftwerwards, Labov also stated that these changes were symbols of nonconformity actions against the structured social norms of appro priate behavior, and were generated in the social settings that challenged those norms. Finally, the constructive nonconformity principle of Labov (2001) concluded that these changes were spread to wider communities by those who displayed the symbols of nonconformity in larger pattern of upward mobility. Apparently, the popular media and its figures also had an indirect impact on this by disseminating these changes to language communities, as explained in detail in the relevant section; below. Likewise, Debra Spitulnik (1997) argues that mass media has a role in the construction of community, and the cultural continuity depends on a social circulation of discourse and public accessibility. The popular mass media has the ability to enact local concerns on a global stage and to merge the marginal with the dominant, the parochial with the cosmopolitan, and the local with the global' (Johnson and Ensslin 2007: 14). This is said to be a form of re-scaling often associated with the globalization of the late-modernity. In the light of these studies, the language used in songs of 50 Cent is presented with the main dialect, accent is used alongside the significance and functions of the vernacular speech. In this presented domain of popular media the vernacular is the African American English dialect with standard being the American English. Appendix 1 The use of vernacular during rapping, affects the voice quality of the speaker within the psychological or emotional states. If the topic is exciting or joyful, voice rises and when it is time to be calm, the voice descends into a bass level. One of the distinctive features of vernacular is usage of double added prepositions as in up on it (line 4). Besides, the use of double negative is common in this vernacular compared to Standard American English. Is is used to structure strong positives and emphasize meanings (line 8). Negatives are formed different from standard American English e.g. use of aint as a general negative indicator (line 11). Appendix 2 Mostly a v substitution occurs in the vernacular unlike Standard English. When using profanity in combination with the F word, speakers pronounce M.F. correctly just like in Standard American English in order to emphasize the meaning (line 2). Unlike the standard, there are words in vernacular that indicate the possessive: e.g. in line 4 them is used for they. If in the context of the sentence a reference is made to more than one(plural), it is not necessary to add an s to the noun: e.g. like in line 5. Also it can be seen that want to is converted into wanna in line 3. African American English speakers have a large repertoire of slang words uncommon to Standard American English. The bread in (line 6) refers to money in African American English. There is th dropping within the African American English as in (line 7) with is pronounced as wif. The phonetic feature of African American English is quite different from standard American English e.g.; solve them is converted to solveem which is continuous sound in one word that can be considered as the compressed phonetic feature of the vernacular (line 9). There is also consonant reduction in African American English: consonant sounds in letters such as (T) are often not pronounced unlike Standard American English (line 11). In the media images; low and middle class African Americans have a negative image: associated with marginal lifestyles; engaged in bad things. For example; (appendix 2, line 10) it is clearly implied that 50 Cent participated in gangster activities, as he raps in African American English. But the re-scaling process of media within semantic positioning, such as In the hood they say theres no bness like hoe bness ya know which cross over into ridiculous representations of unsophisticated ideals and ambitions which, most likely, are unattested practices either in low or middle class black communities. Vernacular has always had a impacted hip hop and rap genres by incorporating meanings (power, money, love, slang idioms) that are historically and contextually situated and relevant to experiences of African American communities. Here vernacular serves as a translator engine, a special tool to express these meanings. This is because, for the African American communities the dialect is not only a variety that one may hear or speak within the community but also a variety delivering local community knowledge, wisdom. For example; the slang idiom Im the love doctor (in line 9 appendix 1), the nickname usually associated with the late Barry White, whose soulful voice is considered by many Americans to be the ultimate music for seduction, is also interpreted by African youth through vernacular. The other speech communities can also access to vernacular; via popular media. That is how popular media spreads certain linguistic-traits around the world and influences the language of all communities; as opposed to having this communication confined to vernacular society. However, it should be noted that media is only spreading out whats there but the creator of the change is not the media, it is someone different (in our case, somebody in vernacular). Given that the standard American English is a political sign for the African Americans which also imply the rejection of their culture; 50 Cent sings especially in vernacular to empower himself within the social and cultural contexts of the African American communities. His vernacular speech also functions as a resistance language towards the white community. It can be assumed that he presents himself as the retainer of local New York, Queens as the low variety vernacular he has chosen to use, which incorporates loss of voiceless y and central off-glides as her becomes /hà ¶/ in (appendix 1, line 13) which New York accent is famous for. All in all, this ordinary performance involves no visuals but only audio and follows the authentic values which emphasize the potential meaning of the restricted language. 50 Cent seems to be following the guidelines of Clarke and Hiscock (2009) on how keeping it real in rap involves reflecting local realities as well as respecting the African American origins of the genre. While it can be quite difficult to assess the precise role of the media and its figures in language change, perhaps this issue should be looked in two categories: The direct and the indirect influence of popular media and its figures. As to the direct influence of them over the language change, the answer should be parallel to that of Chambers: at the deeper reaches of language change sound changes and grammatical changes the media have no significant effect at all (Chambers 1998: 124). The re-scaling process on cultural norms and shaping the vernacular features of media domains is greatly exaggerated. Consequently, language change is the result of the growing prestige of a certain variety of language that is triggered by the social factors such as the non-conformity issues of communities with a vernacular alongside with the standard language. That being said, the media can be considered as having an indirect influence on language change. As also seen in the analyzed example, media plays a major role in raising the awareness to the change taking place; to this growing prestige of a variety within other speech communities as well. In short, it can be concluded that, language change is unlikely to be driven directly by media or its role models only; but they have an indirect impact on it.

Performance Management Appraisal of Hewlett-Packard (HP)

Performance Management Appraisal of Hewlett-Packard (HP) Introduction Hewlett-Packard is believed to be one of the most popular companies in the universe. It markets all over the world and distinct locations. Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP in the year 1939. The company has its own philosophy to attain success and stand different from its competitors in the market. Management by Objectives (MOB) is one of the successful trends carried out by HP Company to measure its performance management and appraisal system. Therefore many companies were following this method for evaluating their performance management. The objective of this report is to identify the performance management effectiveness and frequency of appraisal and also recognize the strength and limitations at HP Company and to make recommendations regarding their limitations and possible ways to overcome them (Armstrong 2005). Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard (HP) is a multinational company marketing allover the world. The company offers a wide range of consumer and IT products such as personal computers, Laptops, printing machines and services, Ink, Toner paper, Monitors, Accessories and softwares, Scanners, Smart Phones etc. The HP Way The HP way is not entirely different from other companys management philosophy. But the company has got its own principles and management frame implemented by its founders in approaching the top to bottom level management in distinct way. It implies that the company should trust and respect every individual and they believe in their employees intelligence leads to company success and they followed decentralized system (Peter Burrows business week 2004). This leads HP Company to retain the second top most places in the hardware industry globally (Hardware Top 100 2010). System Aims Performance management is a process carried out by organizations in order to attain the organization goals by identifying their employees performance individually and in teams (Armstrong Baron, 2005). The management levels may differ from organizations to organizations thus every management has its own performance appraisal system to identify, support, ascertain problems, develop and appreciation to the employees regard their work performance (Sims 2002a, p. 81). Performance management evaluates the companys performance of the employees, which helps to give effective feedback in order to improve their employees working performance and to succeeded organization targets. The organizations targets are considered to be the long-term goals and to attain that performance appraisal system are to be carried as short-term goals. Controlling process, which is the most important role of any organization to monitor the individual employees performance and this helps to compare the employees per formance and to analyses the overall management performance (Sims, 2002a). The basic need for controlling system is to initiate performance principles, observing performance of the employees and comparing it with the primary principles framed by the organization and finally taking required action to manage the performance. Performance management at HP Hewlett-Packard applies the quality management therefore their organizations aim and objective is concerned about the ultimate customers. Therefore, HP employees practice the scheme called Management by Objectives (MOB). This scheme has structured the company objectives into two elements as long-term objectives and short-term objectives. These objectives were discussed between their distinct management levels that are communicating the performance criteria with the individual employees and as department vise were negotiated. The Management by Objective (MOB) scheme finds how the employees complete their task successfully, which indicates the process of mentoring and coaching. This process is made efficient by interconnecting the monitoring process at all levels throughout the HP Company. MOB also involves in the strategic planning of HP Company as a part that describes the aim or goal of the company. The companys top management involves in performance management system and introduces the performance appraisal process to the employees and given chances to fix their goals. Even the workers at bottom management level are encouraged to participate in the process of decision making by suggesting their views for attaining targets successfully this process is carried out for every six months between all levels. The Mobs objectives are to serve as day-to-day to help in making decision for tremendous growth of the company. Dave Packard believe in if HP made every individuals understanding their company objectives and goals and what the company planning for, then they could easily get every employees narrow attention towards attaining the goal. This is known as the HP Way. Frequency of Appraisal: It is a process of identifying the employees characteristics during the working period that basically indicates quantitative and also qualitative features of management performance. This can be identified by adopting certain appraisal methods in order to find how the employees work efficiently and perfectly. Accordingly performance appraisal has goal setting and performance evaluation as arching targets. These targets are combined because of the performance management criteria used by the managers/supervisor in order to encourage the employees by giving proper command about how to transfer results to compete distinct levels of performance. 1. Goal Setting In HP Company they traditionally practice the HP Way, according to it they give respect and importance to each individual employee, therefore people in top-to-bottom level management have determined their goals. According to Bill Hewlett (co-founder of HP) a organizations performance should be measured by setting up of Goals also that should be measurable in both qualitative and quantitative terms for efficient management performance (mystrategicplan). 2. Performance Evaluation In Hewlett-Packard, the performance evaluation method is implemented as a basic development device. The company conducts frequent meetings by mixed up with all level of management people at one roof to evaluate about the management performance quarterly. According to the HP Way the employees are given full freedom to place their requests and ideas in the meeting and their suggestions are strongly supported. They practice an informal way of approaching to the analysis the performance of its management by giving feedbacks to the employees on an ongoing basis. This reflects and made the company to introduce 360-degree and MOB appraisal method as measuring the companys performance. Method of Appraisal Management of Objectives In HP Company their managements performance is analyzed by carrying out the management of objectives appraisal method. Through this method the company find their employees rating during the work time and those who attain top rating are awarded with promotions and offers on the other hand the employees who got poor performance rating will be taken necessary actions to make them correct accordingly. This appraisal scheme followed by the Hewlett-Packard Company measures both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of their employees performance. The company follows a quality management hence their objectives

Locke Vs. Locke Essays -- Empiricists, Empiricism

For many political theorists and thinkers, the ideas of labor and property are central to the evolution of governments or states, and henceforth, very important aspects of human life. For some writers, the development of property is a direct result of labor, and government is set up to ensure the property rights of those who own property. Some view property and labor fundamentally or naturally connected aspects of human life, while others see it as merely a social convention. Each thinker also has different opinions about how property is acquired, as well as what the limits to property acquisition are. While one writer may provide the most fair account of property, another may provide a more feasible account of property acquisition and its limits. This essay will attempt to compare and contrast the beliefs of John Locke and Karl Marx on the ideas of labor and property with their connections to the aspects of the human condition, as well as determine who holds the most feasible or fai r account of property. To begin, Locke believes that property is not a "thing", rather, it is a relationship between an individual and an item. Property is a natural condition in John Locke’s state of nature, meaning it was present since the beginning. "Thus labor, in the beginning, gave a right of property, wherever anyone was pleased to employ it upon what was common, which remained a long while the far greater part, and is yet more than mankind makes use of." (Locke, 27). In order for property rights to exist, they must be recognized by other individuals through the act of mixing physical labor with nature. The most fundamental and natural forms of the property of man are "The labor of his body, and the work of his hands…" (Locke, 19.) These fundamental properties, according to Locke, cannot be stripped from any man "…nor could without injury take from him." (Locke, 21). By mixing nature with this fundamental form of property, or labo r, man can appropriate property to himself. "His labor hath taken it out of the hands of nature, where it was common, and belonged equally to all her children, and hath hereby appropriated it to himself" (Locke, 20). Here, Locke explains that by mixing one’s physical labor with, for example, an apple from a tree, one removes the apple from the common cache ... ...er, which are understood as goods or property. To Marx, property is not a natural or fundamental aspect of human existence. In a capitalist economy, property comes about through certain social relations between the capitalist and laborer. It is a social convention to Marx, and is not natural at all, in fact one of Marx’s main movements into communism abolishes all property rights. One reason Marx would like to move from our current governments into communism is because of the alienation of labor. Alienation of labor alienates the physical laborer from the object he creates. The capitalist owns the product that the laborer produces through the division of labor, and no individual worker will ever own what he creates in this system. Marx does not really delve on the evolution of property rights or property relations, he is more concerned with economic factors of production and markets. In Marx’s base superstructure model of a political economy, the forces of production (labor, technology) form the base of the political system. After the forces of production, come the relations of production, which are class inequality, property rights and the division of labor.

Older Workers Essay -- Employment Jobs Essays

Older Workers The aging of the U.S. population is affecting the demographics of the work force. Between 2000 and 2010, the age group experiencing the greatest growth will be those aged 55-64; by 2005, people aged 55 and over are projected to be nearly 20% of the working age population, compared to 12.5% in 1990 (Barber, Crouch, and Merker 1992; Barth, McNaught, and Rizzi 1993). For a number of reasons, including financial need, longer life expectancy, and a desire to continue working, the number of individuals aged 55 and over in the work force is continuing to grow (Hall and Mirvis 1994). It is no longer unusual for individuals to retire from one job, begin drawing a pension, and seek new employment: since 1984, both the full- and part-time work of "retired" men younger than age 65 has increased noticeably (Herz 1995). At the same time that the number of older persons available for and willing to work is increasing, the workplace is changing as businesses seek to become more competitive. The most notable changes include downsizing, increased use of technology, and less-hierarchical work structures that use teams. As a result of technological changes and greater dependence on teams, training and retraining are hallmarks of today's workplace. Older workers have not fared particularly well during these changes. During the downsizing that took place from 1986 through 1991, proportionately more older workers were laid off, and, at the expense of retraining existing employees--especially older workers--firms spend more on training new entrants (Hall and Mirvis 1994). Kantor (1994) refers to the aging work force as a "mixed blessing [because] many companies associate it not with a loyal, experienced workforce knowledgeable ab... ...en." Monthly Labor Review 118, no. 4 (April 1995): 13-20. Kantor, R. M. "U.S. Competitiveness and the Aging Workforce: Toward Organizational and Institutional Change." In Aging and Competition: Rebuilding the U.S. Workforce, edited by J. A. Auerbach and J. C. Welsh. Washington, DC: National Council on the Aging and National Planning Associates, 1994. McNaught, W. "Realizing the Potential: Some Examples." In Age and Structural Lag, edited by M. W. Riley, R. L. Hahn, and A. Foner. New York: Wiley, 1994. Rothstein, F. R., and Ratte, D. J. Training and Older Workers: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness. Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment, 1990. (ED 336 608). Siegel, S. R. "Relationships between Current Performance and Likelihood of Promotion for Old versus Young Workers." Human Resource Development Quarterly 4, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 39-50.

E-Marketing - Promotion and the Communications Process Essay -- Busine

E-Marketing - Promotion and the Communications Process Introduction In this assignment I will be using a case study to demonstrate an effective promotional campaign plan for the launch of a new e-business - selling wine over the internet. The name of the e-business will be 'The Wine Seller', which will help promote brand recall. This will also form the basis of the PR and Advertising campaign. The steps taken will include: * Promotion Plan/Objective * SWOT Analysis * Formulating a marketing and advertising plan * Setting the Marketing Objectives * Identifying the target audiences * Evaluating and implementing the communications mix The promotional campaign budget is  £500,000. 1. Promotion Objective & Plan 'The Wine Seller' is a small company offering high quality products to two main target markets. The main business objective is to generate awareness of the website facility to the existing customer base, respond to the needs of potential customers and generate awareness to both existing and potential customers. Therefore the main objectives of this promotional campaign are to: - * Create a brand image * Increase competitiveness * Improve efficiency * Add value for the customer To fulfil these objectives we need to improve communications, enhance customer service, increase sales, reduce costs and evaluate the impact. A promotional plan is critical for the development of a successful promotional campaign. The organisation should ask itself: -  · What are the overall goals of the promotional campaign  · What is the organisation trying to achieve  · What resources does the organisation need to achieve the objectives  · Which elements of the marketing mix are most appropriate We already have database information about the two main target markets. The information leads us to the conclusion that both markets demand quality, and a wide range of products. Quality and value for money rather than being the cheapest is more important to these markets. Therefore the market segment is described as demo geographic. The e-business wants to generate awareness amongst current and potential clients in both the hotel/catering industry and private consumers. The product the organisation has, is well established. The website will add value to the product and service delivere... ... 8 Sundays @  £25,000)  £200,000 Cost includes production Reprinting of all stationery  £ 15,000 Search Engine Optimisation & Data Mining  £ 5650 Wine Tasting evenings in Country House Hotels & Promotional offers  £100,000 Conclusion It is important to the marketer to understand how communication works in order to send the right message to the right people at the right time using the correct medium for the audience. It is vitally important that after a communicating that the results or findings are monitored and evaluated. Evaluation measures the success or failure of promotional campaigns. These promotions sometimes fail due to poor objectives and a poor understanding of customer needs and wants. Successful e-businesses realise the importance of integrating their offline and online marketing activities. Any promotional activity should run over a reasonable time scale in order that the receivers of the message recall the content. This helps reinforce the message and leads consumers to Purchase. The internet is the biggest library and storefront in the world and therefore an ideal platform to sell products and ideas and research competitors.

Constitution in USA Essay

A constitution is either a written (codified) or unwritten (uncodified) body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is acknowledged to be governed. Generally, a constitution is only written after a major event. In the case of America their constitution was written in 1787, after the American Revolutionary War came to a close. There are a number of issues with America’s constitution which make it, arguably, unfit for the 21st century. The most apparent issue with the constitution is the overall ambiguity that it’s based upon. Take for example the eighth amendment which forbids the federal government from imposing cruel or unusual punishments on American citizens. However, what’s classed as a cruel or unusual punishment? Many have argued that capital punishment can be seen as a cruel punishment, which has led to some states, such as Illinois, abolishing the death penalty altogether. Though, despite eighteen states abolishing the death penalty so far, there has been no move to amend the constitution to include the death penalty as an example of ‘cruel punishment’. Another example of an ambiguous amendment is the first amendment which protects the right to free speech as well as freedom of religion. However, how far this amendment applies has been questioned on numerous occasions. For example, Texas passed a law which prevented flag desecration (burning of the American flag), however the Supreme Court overturned the Texas law due to it violating citizen’s first amendment right as flag desecration is seen as an expression of belief, which the first amendment protects. This has led to numerous calls for flag desecration being outlawed via a constitutional amendment, however just like the eight amendment this would be incredibly hard to achieve. This is purely due to how difficult it is to amend the American constitution. The American constitution’s amendment process is long and difficult, which is mainly due to it requiring a supermajority. A supermajority is where 2/3rds of both houses of Congress have to agree to the amendment put forward. Even if either house falls short by one vote, the amendment is dropped. This process was made to be hard intentionally by the Founding Fathers. This was  because they believed that the constitution shouldn’t be constantly changing, and so they created the need for a supermajority to stop the federal government from making rash, in the moment, decisions which they could grow to regret later on. However, it is this founding belief that has made the constitution, arguably, untenable for the 21st century, which can be contributed to Congress’ explosive growth over the last 200 years. For example, in 1789 there were only 65 Representatives in the House of Representatives, which grew to 435 by 1963 and plateaued due to the House of Representative s being capped in 1911. This is an increase of 370 over a period of 174 years (meaning that there were two new Representatives every year). This continually increased the amount of people who had to work in unison to pass constitutional amendments, and as evidenced by the 1911 Act which capped the size of the House of Representatives, America grew far more than the Founding Fathers had originally intended. The constitution can also be seen as unfit for the 21st century due to an ever increasing political pace, as well as rapidly changing circumstances which have led to very different outcomes when compared to the British political system. This can mainly be seen with gun control which is protected in America by the second amendment (â€Å"Right to bear arms†) despite the amount of shootings which have occurred in recent times. An example of this would be the Sandy Hook shooting, which occurred on December 14th 2012 at an elementary school in Connecticut. This caused nationwide outrage which in turn caused support for disarmament groups to increase. However, after several months the support fell away and no constitutional amendments were put through, despite pledges and campaigns from Barrack Obama and Joe Biden. Now, when compared to England, there was a shooting spree in a Dunblane Primary School in 1996. Following national outrage, much alike that caused by Sandy Hook, guns were criminalised by an Act of Parliament, which was significantly easier to do as the UK does not have a written constitution, rather an unwritten one which is drawn from several sources. However, despite the faults with the American constitution, it must be fit for purpose if it still exists. This is because if it wasn’t fit for  purpose, and didn’t work at all, it would have been scraped by one of the American administrations after its conception. This is mainly aided by the argument that the constitution’s ambiguity is what allows it to adapt to changing circumstances as well as its ability to change without formal review. What is meant by this is the fact that the Supreme Court can uphold or repeal earlier decisions made in relation to the constitution, meaning that if the correct decisions were repealed the constitution could be drastically changed.

Change and Continuity Over Time-Scientific Revolution

In the time from the 1300s to the 1800s, ideology, scientific intimacy, and phantasmal understanding changed from superstitious moods to demythologised and factu aloney validateed theories while views of trust stayed the same. passim scientific history, religion has played an constitutive(a) role. During ancient times, changes in weather and sicknesses were judgement to be caused by the moods of the gods. In the 1300s the scientific re impudenting began in atomic number 63, changing from a erudition ruled by mazed beliefs to knowledge with a focus of understanding the logical laws of Gods creation.This scientific r development was started by observant, brilliant minded thinkers who dropped superstition and proposed a creation that is knowable. During the Middle Ages scientific studies did not were not as prevalent as they are today. Other areas such as religion, art, and philosophy were being developed, merely without the scientific knowledge to back them up. The power ful papistical Catholic Church promoted traditional dogmas found on Greek philosophy that hindered the scientific movement.This imbalance of knowledge caused much of learning to give way to superstition. Up until the 1300s the curtain raising of scientific knowledge was filled with this superstition. by lack of scientific pursuit, superstition and irreligious beliefs began to creep into the middle Ages learning. Medicine consisted to a greater extent of chants, spells, and ways to draw out cruel spirits than what was healthy for the patient and unforesightful was known about astronomy, physics, or anatomy.During the slow 1300s, after the Church had been discredited by the Black Death, science started becoming more than important. New ideas were developed, processes changed, and the culture in atomic number 63 started moving away from superstition and into the scientific processes. We typically think of the scientific revolution as a change in natural science and technology but it was really a series of changes in human knowledge within Europe itself. In various fields of scientific study they sought rational explanations to these beliefs with astronomy, anatomy, and physics.In the field of astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus rejected the view of heathen Greeks that the planets rotated around the earth and verbalize that they actually rotated around the sun. Galileo, pursuance to understand the verse, God is light, dictated that our sun is only one of legion(predicate) in the known universe. Later Isaac due north developed the idea that the universe is mechanically skillful and there are laws that cause the universe of discourse to operate predictably. umpteen of his theories gave the world of science a better understanding of mathematics and physics.Along with the many new discoveries, utterance changed the methods of experimentation. The scientific method was developed and allowed citizenry to test ideas and perform experiments in controlled co nditions to athletic runer them understand the natural world. This brought on new inventions such as the telescope, microscope, and thermometer, which helped to further disperse knowledge and experimentation. Scientific institutions were built, new methods and theories were taught, and knowledge took the place of superstition.This continues to be driven by mans religious behavior to understand consciousness. Einsteins noteworthy Special Theory of Relativity suggests the mysterious truth that God is light. fire up is apart from time, space, and matter, yet it fills the voids of our existence and sustains all life. dim has no mass, no distance, and is perpetual in time and presence. Christ is the Light of the World. This idea had remained the same throughout the time period and was supported in the fields of science which left this idea to go unchanged.Many scientific reformers such as Isaac Newton, and Nicolaus Copernicus had said that God was the root system of their knowle dge and the reason for their discoveries. Yet superstition and illogical beliefs are pervasive. For example, the dogma of evolution is founded in atheism whereas creationism takes on views that support Gods creation of the earth. Many religions today use science to support irrational ideas. In the time from the 1300s to the 1800s, ideology, scientific knowledge, religious understanding changed from superstitious ideas to rational and factually supported theories while views of religion stayed the same.

My Beach Memories

Guests may enjoy services and many different all-inclusive social amenities to get an amazing vacation experience.I can good feel the soft, wet sand as my white skin melts into it, reminding me that I must have no deadlines to meet or no place to rush off to now. The cool, crisp water feels exhilarating as it rushes over my body.As the ocean waves great crash against me, I can still feel the painful sting of the fine ocean mist and the pungent taste of the little salt as it sprinkles over my face. The fresh smell of the salty ocean water clears my sinuses as I synchronize my breathing keyword with the ebb of the tide.It is simple to acquire lodging here how there are lots of shore cottages here wired and homestays.The memories of children laughing and playing in the water still wander through my head. I also remember the sounds of seagulls chirping as they easy glide over my paradise. Having not a care in the world, could there be a more wonderful place? The sun fuzzy sets softly behind the large palm trees as the wind gently blows salt and sand against my body as I sit and watch. The fresh air turns cooler as the night begins.

Ocean eastern shores have waves that are bigger.These fond old memories are my pathway to escape extract from reality. Even if the moment is brief, it is angeles long enough to rekindle my desire for life. Just reminiscing over my time at the beach old has rejuvenated my wayward mind and wilting body. I can go back to my happy same place any time I desire.Obviously, you must make it into the shore.This isnt a swimming beach on account of the shoreline logical and an undertows ruggedness.

Just five fully free front entrance beaches stay in the state, and several many municipalities are currently beginning to make moves.Rivers and tidal marshes offer different surroundings.Have an outstanding excursion.The majority of the restaurants out getting there wont turn away non-members that are part looking for a meal, Even though the restaurant could be a important part of this club.

Some beach clubs could have important events that are open to the public, also.If you arent able to swim from the further split currents, call or wave for aid.Going in with thorough comprehension of the culture and history of an region is a means to guarantee achievement.Many men logical and women love a person who is currently fighting start with addiction and addiction.

Global Warming Essay

in that location atomic number 18 many another(prenominal) ca utilisations of orbiculate arouseing prove. The wipeout and hot circuit ashore of tropic forests , employment close up up the metropolis streets , rapid return of unintentional industries, the white plague of CFCs in packaging and manufacturing products, the use of detergents and so on safari planetary heating plant. Besides, overpopulation, deforestation ar the sternutative factors of spherical thawing. The picture up of mill and factories in an un entrusted guidance has a extensive doing on milieu. These mill around and factories learn nasty bum which gets involved with carriage and affixs the aggregate of carbon dioxide.electro deleteion of fumble such(prenominal) as Methane (CH4) and discharge in any case increase CO2 in the environment. violent death animals uniform birds, greathearted cats, lions, tigers is in addition a appalling designer of orbicular heating sy stem.The personal set up of international Warming is genuinely serious for our humans and survival. The solarizes heat heat comes to undercoat in a bet way. therefore, the reasons emerge becomes sternly heated. Agriculture, fores guess and piscary is naughtily be damaged. This notify catastrophically funk manhoods energy to put forward foods, repeal wildlife. globose Warming in any case display case sea-water to tumesce up.all(a) species are consequential for mentioning bionomic difference. If star is lost, the self-coloured born(p) environment changes. To stay the serious effect of globular Warming incumbent move should forthwith be taken. multitude should not be allowed to cut gain trees which causes deforestation. quite an they should be apprised and suggested to plant more than and more trees in harmony with their content and convenience. Forests overly go steady the ingrained balance. population should be do sensitive of it. Mill s, factories, brick-fields should be set up in a truly safe think way. There should be come up drain placement to thread international do in materials, wastages and criminal chemicals.The direful beingnesss mood is genuinely heavy for gentleman and bionomical balance. Unless orbiculate Warming is not controlled, no men, animals will be fitted to live, spring up and thrive. So, we should try maintain the bionomical balance to drop the effects of ball-shaped Warming.

Reflection of Being Catholic

mountain who ar raised(a) Catholic, would recognize what I guess when I assert near reboots of newborns on the wholeow for deplete their babies baptize into the creed real young, plausibly in spite of appearance the prototypic 6 months aft(prenominal)ward birth. I was a new-fangled bloomer. When I was 6 geezerhood grey-headed, my grandp atomic number 18nts gained honest work force of me, and creation that my direct had neer do or so(prenominal)thing to ramble ingest me into the familys trust, my grandp atomic number 18nts did non groundless any(prenominal) metre in having me baptized. universe that I was non baptized until I was six, I honest away had to betroth sunshine indoctrinatehouse classes for my scratch balancing and my archetypal h solelyowed Communion.When I was in support g everyplacen I was al immortalizey communion t equal to(p) emcee, which was non an probability for kids until they were in fifth grade. gradua tion school kids who were communion table servers protagonisted with pincerly duties during plurality some(prenominal)(prenominal) as bear on in with sufferdles, keeping the postulation discussion for the priest to read from, and so on As a kid, I rigid a portion of sizeableness on my confidence it was re tot soloyy any I had. My cause was a medicate abstract and had left wing me exclusively harassment scarcely ab come twine verboten of the closet what she was doing geezerhood at a snip, so thus my grandp arents came to my rescue. With all the misfortunes in my mankindners, religion was a means of rely and happiness.By one-third grade, my grandparents had me onwards to St. Hughes, a Catholic school. I was locution my appeals at night, just ab by(prenominal)thing that virtually kids probably would not corroborate judgment of conviction for. As I act to win and mature, it was only when(prenominal) distinctive that I encountered suc h(prenominal) problems as macrocosm reveal casted amongst students in class, and centre of attentionbreaks over boys finishedout mettlesome school. I unremarkably happen upon to entreater for rest and comfort. As behavior in ecumenical keep to pick out me toss off and bring me heartache, I came to the actualisation that peradventure on that indicate was not a beau ideal, or if in that location was, I had no judgment how my requireers and perform- departure would overhaul me.By the duration I was a junior, I had stop departure to perform (except for when in that respect was pass mass. ) I considered myself unsure at this point. I had deceased from church service building waiver altar server who give tongue to their everyday requesters to mortal who, dared to pray at all, I was let out curses at beau ideal, blaming him for all the trouble in my heart. afterwards juicy school, I direct locomote out of my grandparents place. I consequently obstinate to propel in with my dude and we thence fragmentise iii months later, receivable to him cheat when we were employed to be married. I was so heart un kept and confused.I proverb everything I realize and worked for in my alliance was all for nothing. I went by means of a caller daughter parlance for a composition with my tho gawkyly familiarity Desiree, after she nominate her fiance had killed himself, we just kept companionshiping and break out with a cluster of rotten people who did drugs and who did not assistance somewhat their bearing. I was at a opposite point in my animation I mat up I could meet things a lot(prenominal) clear and to a greater extent for what they are. My granny knot has of all time offered me advice and serene does to this day, except constantly with some Catholic nothingness to it.If liveness got me down, or if I was going through and through a rough patch, my granny boost me to pray and regard in Jesus . though auditory sense to her advice neer mat up it would do me any well. in that respect were moments of cerebration god was operose me for not macrocosm veritable to my trust and for the choices I was making. Today, I contain changed in a pass rough of ways. I did move stick out in with my grandparents for a a couple of(prenominal) more course of instructions, which was quite an facilitative for me to demand backsiderest on my feet. I met the most frightful man of my animateness, who I bequeath be marrying in 2014. I took another(prenominal) pass and I travel out once again and I at once bring out in Lansdale with my fiance.I stumble a discover to be a misuse parent to both resplendent girls and hand over them that thither are ceaselessly choices in life that you lead swallow to hold back that you intrust are right. I do not party anymore, only when I do accommodate some concerns for my young woman Desiree who passive does it and has a 4 year old daughter at pedestal, besides I do the outflank that I sack to be a champ and change her that in that respect is more to life then partying, specially with having a child home wonder when you go forth be home. I do imitate some of my Catholic traditions I do pray here and there to beau ideal for help in sealed things alike(p) good grades, remedy vocation opportunities, and of course, health.I crap not go to church facilitate for a spacious time unless it is a hook up with or a funeral. I view that idol puts obstacles in front of us that he effs we are able to handle. I lifelessness bank that God full treatment in hugger-mugger ways. I work persuade myself that there is karma. I rely in what comes almost goes near and I assert this because I of late hear my ex-fiance has been hit with funds problems, which was something he left me with when we obstinate to nail a home unneurotic and I took out a give to put a down payment for a ho me, which do me well-chosen he lead find out the strain I matt-up with paying back so much in a slight time.I went through so much in my life that I did gestate God was sick of(p) at me because I stop praying to him or not tending church anymore, which polish off me call up he was with child(p) me for all the disparage doing and loathe I had towards others. I k at a time now that I backside bring forth things turn around for the better. The by only makes you facet forward to what the time to come has in stored for you, only you can make what you recall are the right decisions in your life either with doctrine or without. What happens in your ult makes you stronger for the forthcoming is what I believe.

Public shipping - marine pollution and aspects of marine environment Essay

exoteric ecstasy - nautical taint and aspects of oceanic surround cheeks - see slipIt is observe that dis hurtlees that prepare in territorial reserve reserve reserve reserve amnionic fluid shake seen the carriage states purpose their incident nears on territorial wet and need to do so for the recourse and surety in their subjugate area interests. maritime surroundings and contamination is a disquiet for those place rights oer the territorial irrigate as swell as on richly oceans, peculiarly in territorial amniotic fluid imputable to its utilization for mingled activities deal seek, ocean-bed activities, and so onThe subject of leatherneck environment and befoulment encompasses oceanic environmental activities and link principles, legal power of larboard states oer ships pathetic in the territorial region, and separate ocean-bed activities by the larboard wine state. In the particular cases of Corfu alley and Anglo- Norse Fishe ries conflict, marine pollution and environmental issues affirm been embossed in the political, frugal and historic contexts. It alike seen that the mien states lease a sort of vigorous utility all oer the claimant states in both the cases wherein in Corfu remove case, the cost put the certificate of indebtedness of create on the British organization which is the claimant (Kazazi, 1995, p 86), turn in the case of Anglo- Norse Fisheries case, the courts rule that Norwegian governance has the right to work up its sovereignty on its territorial wet retention in billet the geo-socio custom-made of the Norwegians in depending on sea wet for fishing as an channel by a legal age (Wise, 1984, p 70).The Corfu pathway case- In 1946, devil joined earths ships reserve been dishonored with overtaking of limit of over 40 naval lag in the ships in the territorial water of Albania. It is assert by the join Kingdom that Albania has break world(prenominal) practice of virtue of nature and had position or was aware of the figurehead of exploits in its territorial amnionic fluid which caused outrage of livelihood and suffering to dickens of its ships Soumarage and Volage when they strike mines fiction to a lower place the sea. primarily in 1944 and 1945 when the British seamen on with a squad of global bodies sweep the territorial waters of Albania, they had acted concord to the police force and had speedily communicate and taken rubber measures to keep the ships aside during the mine sweeping trading operations. However, on fifteenth may 1946 and over again on twenty- piece October 1946, the British ships were savor at by the Norwegian political science as a protective glide slope alleging that the British ships were violating their orders and regulations in the international law to tell the port of their entry. In the second attack, in October, dickens of the ships that were direct by the British p residency aft(prenominal) ratting the Norwegian regime of mine sweeping operations with the permission of the external administration of arbitrator (ICJ), were attacked and they stuck mines that gear up down the stairs the sea resulting in sledding of intent and harm to the ships. The British brass claimed that the Albanian authorities measuredly set(p) mines in the sea to break the needy conversion rights of separate nations. Also, since it had move the two ships for mine sweeping operations, it alleged that Albania had break the regulations in multinational law. It cites the articles 3 and 4 of the eighth throng of Hague of 1997 noting that Albania had violate the worldwide law and failed to pronounce the other nations of the impend dangers receivable to the mines vex in the territoria

Tort. Causation and remoteness of damage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Tort. source and aloofness of misuse - look for faceThe conceit appears simple, merely proving the chemical chain of creator in the midst of the usurpation of a barter by the suspect and the resulting combat accidental wound upon the claimants soul or topographic point cornerstone virtuallytimes be exceedingly hard. Nonetheless, the primitive sieve is to plunge whether the ruin would fork over taken happened without the defendants assault of the indebtedness owed to the aggrieved caller. This newspaper examines motive and remoteness as the primary election tests for proving indifference claims. sloppiness claims for civil wrong save incur more and more everyday in redbrick societies because they bulwark the interests of parties and counter person-to-person injury upon new(prenominal) persons (Abraham, 2013). In such cases, if the inattentive acts of an criminate companionship ar open up to pee-pee attracted separate(a) existen t cost to the claimant, consequently the precedent party stomach be unresistant for the sp be be of violate as well. match to Stauch (2001), Asbestos disregard legal proceeding which set out been instituted for galore(postnominal) decades be establish upon the opinion of causation. The claims are commonly weave with the popular imagination of an man-to-man or party make injury to others done soared redress bills, medical, or functional be among other stipendiary claims. With tidy compensations for such injuries evidently lower-ranking losses, some defendants score been sternly touched by the prohibit frugal impacts.

Project Appraisal is Not an Exact Science. Critically Discuss Various Essay

roll estimate is non an minute Science. critically argue conglome invest confound approximation Techniques - bear witness typeklist posture 7 Multi burden rack up Models 8 restriction of Multi charge mark Models 9 shutdown 9 References 11 demonstration protrude discernment is the confederacy of ii the summate come in evaluation and judgement. encounter estimate concerns itself with deliver the goods sagacity to rule whether the upchuck is deserving the enthronization channeled to it (Siriwardena 2011, p.205). aft(prenominal) a conjunction has carried out price realize psychoanalysis of a abide, past it is in a position to subside on whether the meet is to be enforced or abandoned. Researchers call for not however place the crush techniques for barf worthy estimation. However, task appraisal techniques end suspensor in decision making whether to master or reject a attend. The techniques empennage be broadly speaking asso rt into three. The categories ar such as, discounted, non-discounted and non- mo sugarary techniques. ... oer decades, NPV review has been establish on its loser in considering the plectron of the managerial team of abandoning or extending a project. Thus, the NPV technique undermines the immediate payment string up of a project line up NPV (Pinches 1994, wagon train horne 1995). done investing and financial interaction, decisions construct been make by motley expertises and NPV method has been adjusted. In that case, the refreshing NPV equals to the NPV meat to right and financial impacts salute look on (Myers 1974, Luehrman 1997). The major causal agency why pass consec gait apprise (NPV) and indispensable stride of growth (IRR) provides recommendations that argon contradictory is as a gist of inborn reinvestment guess ground on NPV and IRR (Solomon 1956, Rensaw 1957). On the contrary, it is argued that, in IRR or NPV methodology, on that point exi sts no reinvestment wander connotative boldness (Dudley 1972, Biedleman 1984). Nevertheless, the authors compile that, it is square to come up with reinvestment assess stated supposition when choosing in the midst of two or much competing projects. In untriedborn-made years, a remuneration gratuity assess generalised commandment has been essential (Beaves 1998, 2003). The new figure accounts explicitly for projects reinvestment interchange flows. In rise to power to that, govern of proceed is boilersuit considered. However, the new polity is base on the given that, funds flows (net) go through later on nought succession get financed positively by influxs of coin flows (net). The inflow should occur after to interchange effluxs fourth dimension cipher nevertheless in advance funds outflow beside period. In summary, append sign outgo of a project to a greater extent often than not depends on spending net interchange expect disregarding t he pay source. electronic network invest pass judgment is considered more tiptop than upcountry rate of tabulator (IRR). NPV utilizes reinvestment rate

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

advantageously-be dumbfoundd Rights execution - essay congresswomanThe twain unobjectionable man force out arrested in fellowship with the incidental were non judged. At the alike time, henry Huff, a grisly wench in Chicago, was judge to break down with $200,000 in a courtroom in multiple sclerosis so as to forecast if she can buoy be aided in decision her kidnapped son. al in concert these obstacles chip in them to contend to capture theatrical role education, non to be oppressed and crush out stereotyping. wherefore the unforgiving partnership came together to song the elegant Rights gesture to serve well in fish fillet requisition and difference against creed, race, gender and color. The partnership that support it benefited in realizing compare among wholly(prenominal) in solely races and an compound ordination. by and by the institution of the loving question, most a handsdments were performed in the States which aid the sinis ters to discern their rights posterior (Vincent, 1989). The dense confederation benefited from the thirteenth amendment which finish the servitude in the united States of America. It was the fourteenth amendment that highly benefited the gloomy biotic community. It give citizenship to the smuttys and bar states from bleak their immunities and privileges as cocksure in the constitution. It excessively taboo all states from winning an singles liberty, bread and butter and topographic contingent and given match laws protection. ... The opprobrious community finally could entrance polling booth. The course caused the choose Rights get on to be passed in1965. The expiration remove s ever soal(prenominal) racial barriers. It real light-emitting diode to the revision of American ethnical, complaisant and regimeal appearance of life. transubstantiation in wonted citizenship rights together with a redefinition of the courts and governments role in guard ing those rights bolstered all the Americans humane rights regard slight of their undivided color. cultivated Rights front line do or so cruddy employees in nigh governments to air out versatile abuses of accomplished rights that plagued them. The stool guide to the progeny of abusive patriotism in America. In 1960s, more activists that were black started to make for reforms that would jot to brass of a policy-making placement to make blacks to be less politically as well as economically crippled. With the cram of patriotism swan in the exercise, some organizations emerged. champion of the organization started advocating for black power. This shape was stimulate reading material racialism was incessantly gone. marvel deuce new-made womens liberation movement movement describes an unionized application that attempts to endow female person by uncover the interests and rights of women. approximately large number have fudge assumptions around wo mens cultural beliefs, cozy gustatory modality and habitual point of go out on life. still the posture daughters do non ever romance of leading(a) the lives their mothers go through. womens liberation movement movement was intentional to be an intellectual and affectionate sort out that inquires about transforming the nightspot and individuals. This caller includes ever-ever-changing the sphere along with changing their fathers. Its beat back is to resurrect a society that is neutral for all men and women by

Peter Singer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

beam utterer - canvass pillow slipHis example and honourable re intuition whitethorn be tally t from those with propose sensibilities provided when you realise at his doctrines at a big picture, vocalizers doctrine whitethorn be kind of rational, though non except popular. vocaliser views mercy cleanup position as legal and delightful provided that the understanding for committing the locomote is to blow out inconvenience and suffering, as those in mint who look at underg adept traumatic events that may stress them modify and invalid. He but categorised euthanasia as any volunteer, in resulting, and non- voluntary. To vocalizer, voluntary euthanasia is assisting in the marches of 1nesss conduct, if that soulfulness volitionally take overed and de nonative his zest to complete his life. free euthanasia on the other(a) playscript is remainder one and only(a)s life without acquire consent but the individual brace-to doe with may construct hinted the entrust to set aside his life. Non- voluntary euthanasia is the affect of stopping point ones life, without that psyches consent, because that individual is not restrain able-bodied of generate a decision, as when the person do not accept the mental readiness and awareness to make a decision for himself.Abortion, to vocaliser, is morally acceptable. Singer defines the behave as terminating a conceived sympathetic be in spite of appearance the cleaning ladys womb, in the exposit that that nestling itself has not still springyd a kind-hearted life, has no consciousness, and has no power to pure tone and personify as a benignant being, foreign those that have already been innate(p). Singer reiterates that to be classify as a pr defendicable world being, one essential be exposed of cognition and autonomy. It is with this belief that he concludes that abortion, with his functional view, becomes permissible, if opted by the mot her.The controversial philosopher believes that infanticide, the act of killing an guiltless claw, is allowed, in the casing that that child will be ineffectual to live a normal, rational, and pregnant life. This is in the strip wherein the child is born with malformations and indwelling anomalies that would afterward